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The only socio-demographic variable associated with MTP utilization was ethnicity. African-Americans were more likely to be MTP users while whites were more likely to be MTP non-users. African-Americans and Hispanics traditionally have some of the lowest utilization rates of health care services. For example, African-American children are particularly vulnerable, having the lowest immunization rates that are consistently below the national average. Thus, the comparative higher rates of MTP services among African Americans relative to their proportion of the Medicaid population is seen as a positive development.