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In 2017, the National Criminal Justice Reference Center estimated that more than 3,000 courts now existed across the country with the purpose of striking the proper balance between incarceration and treatment of (typically, nonviolent) individuals in the legal system with substance abuse disorders. These courts are designed to develop stringent addiction treatment regimens — including random testing — with the goal of better patient outcomes and providing more cost-effective options for non-violent offenders than going to prison. Not surprisingly, transportation, particularly in rural areas, has become one of the main barriers to successful patient outcomes for those individuals enrolled in those programs.